A clear golden bowl of Vietnamese canh chua sour soup with fish and vegetables

Vietnam · Loss · Place

The River I Can No Longer Return To

Ba Lan · Sydney, Australia · ❤ 149
The sourness of the tamarind is the taste of the water. The pineapple sweetness is the light on the river. My village is gone. The soup remains.

I was born in 1948 in a village on a small tributary of the Mekong River in Vinh Long Province. We did not think of it as the Mekong Delta — we thought of it as home, which had a name that was the name of the river nearest to us, and a smell that was the smell of water and mud and tamarind trees and rice paddies after rain. I lived there until I was twenty. In those twenty years I ate canh chua perhaps three thousand times, which sounds like a large number until you understand that the river made it unavoidable and that we would not have wanted to avoid it.

The river gave us everything for the soup: catfish pulled from the water each morning by my uncle, who woke before five and returned before the rest of us had eaten breakfast. Tamarind from the trees along the bank, some of which had stood there for generations before any of us were born. Pineapple from the plots on the higher ground beside the water. Bac ha — elephant ear taro stem — from the edges of the paddies, cut fresh and dropped into the pot at the last moment so it kept its crunch. The soup was made from what the land and water offered freely. My mother never bought ingredients for it. She only gathered them.

The war came to our region in stages. The American bombing of the delta began in earnest in the mid-1960s. Our village was caught between forces several times in ways I will not describe in detail because the details belong to those years and those years belong to us. By 1970 the landscape around our village had changed in ways I still struggle to name — some of the tamarind trees were gone, some of the paddies were unusable, some of the people were gone too. My family moved to Can Tho in 1971. My village does not exist now in the form I knew it. I have looked on maps. The tributaries have been diverted. The land has been changed.

I came to Sydney in 1979, after the reunification and the difficult years that followed. I was thirty-one. I lived first in Cabramatta, with other Vietnamese families who had arrived the same way, by boats and camps and goodwill and luck. I missed the river in a way that had no practical expression — you cannot miss a river in the way you miss a person, with things to say and questions to ask. The river simply was, and then it was not part of my life, and that was a kind of silence I did not know how to fill.

I began growing tamarind on my apartment balcony in my second year in Sydney. Not a tree — just a pot, with a cutting a neighbour had given me from hers. It grew slowly. It took years before it produced anything. When it finally gave fruit I picked the pods and made canh chua and ate it alone at my kitchen table and felt something shift in my chest that I cannot describe except to say that it was not quite sadness and not quite comfort but something in between, which is perhaps the only honest place to feel anything about a home you cannot return to.

I am seventy-six. My grandchildren were born in Sydney. They have never seen the Mekong and will probably not see it as I saw it, if they see it at all. When they come on Sundays I make canh chua and I tell them about the river as I cook — the way it smelled in the morning, the sound of my uncle's boat, the weight of a ripe tamarind pod. They listen with the particular attention children give to old people when they sense something important is being passed. The soup is what I have left of that place. When they learn to make it, the river will go with them.

Canh chua with catfish, pineapple, tomato and taro stem in tamarind broth
The broth should be clear and golden, sour and sweet at once. The fish is the last thing added. The first thing eaten.

Serves

4–6 people

Total Time

45 minutes

Origin

Southern Vietnam, particularly the Mekong Delta — canh chua is the defining dish of the south, reflecting the river's abundance of fish, tamarind, and tropical fruit

Ingredients

The Tamarind Broth

  • tamarind pulp block Soak in 500 ml hot water, squeeze and strain to make tamarind liquid — or use ready-made tamarind concentrate 80 g
  • fish or chicken stock, or water 1 litre
  • fish sauce 2–3 tbsp
  • sugar 1 tbsp
  • salt to taste

The Vegetables and Fish

  • fresh catfish fillets or snapper, cut into large pieces Catfish (ca tre) is traditional and ideal; snapper is a good substitute 500 g
  • fresh pineapple, cored and cut in chunks Do not substitute tinned — fresh pineapple holds its texture and sweetness differently 1/4 of a pineapple
  • ripe tomatoes, quartered 2 medium
  • bac ha (elephant ear taro stem), peeled and sliced on the diagonal Available at Vietnamese grocers; if unavailable, use okra for a similar thickening effect 200 g
  • okra, halved lengthways Traditional and adds natural body to the broth 100 g
  • bean sprouts a large handful
  • shallots or white onion, sliced 2
  • garlic cloves, smashed 3
  • neutral oil 1 tbsp

To Finish

  • ngo om (rice paddy herb) The defining herb of southern Vietnamese canh chua — has a citrusy, cumin-like fragrance; substitute with coriander if unavailable a small bunch
  • spring onion, sliced 2 stalks
  • fried shallots 1 tbsp

The Process

Canh chua moves quickly once the broth is made. The fish goes in last and must be watched. Everything should taste of the river — bright, sour, just slightly sweet.

1

Make the tamarind liquid

Break the tamarind pulp into a bowl. Pour over 500 ml of very hot water and let sit for 10 minutes, working the pulp apart with your fingers. Press the dissolved tamarind through a sieve, extracting as much liquid as possible. Discard the seeds and fibres. You should have approximately 400 ml of dark, sour tamarind liquid.

Ba Lan's check Taste the tamarind liquid before adding it to the broth — it should be intensely sour. If it is mild, add more tamarind. The sourness will moderate once balanced with the stock and sugar.
2

Build the broth

In a large pot, heat the oil over medium heat. Add the shallots and garlic and cook for 3 minutes until softened. Pour in the stock and tamarind liquid. Bring to a simmer. Season with fish sauce, sugar, and salt. Taste: the broth should be sour, savoury, and just slightly sweet — the balance of these three is the whole point. Adjust as needed.

3

Add the fruit and vegetables

Add the pineapple chunks and tomatoes to the simmering broth. Cook for 5 minutes. Add the bac ha (taro stem) or okra and cook for 3 more minutes. The taro stem will soften slightly but should retain some crunch.

4

Add the fish last

Gently lower the fish pieces into the simmering broth. Cook for 4 to 6 minutes depending on thickness — catfish is done when it flakes at the edges but remains just translucent at the very centre. Do not stir once the fish is in, or it will break apart. Add the bean sprouts in the final minute.

The fish The fish is the most delicate part of the soup and the most easily ruined by overcooking. It should be tender and just-cooked, not falling apart.
5

Finish and serve

Remove from heat. Taste one final time — canh chua should taste like a river at its best: clean, vivid, complex without heaviness. Scatter ngo om, spring onion, and fried shallots over the surface. Serve immediately in deep bowls with steamed jasmine rice alongside.

Notes from Ba Lan

Canh chua is not served separately from the rice — you eat a spoonful of soup with each bite of rice, so the broth soaks into the rice and the rice absorbs it. Do not eat the soup alone and the rice alone. They belong together.

The soup does not keep well and should not be made ahead — the vegetables go soft and the fish breaks apart on reheating. It is a last-minute dish, which is part of its character.

Ngo om (rice paddy herb) has a fragrance unlike anything else in the herb world — faintly citrus, faintly cumin, faintly something that has no name in English. If you can find it at a Vietnamese grocery store, buy it. It is what the soup smells like when it is exactly right. Ba Lan grows it in a pot beside the tamarind on her balcony in Sydney.

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